Herbs have played a role in human wellbeing for thousands of years. The Ancient Egyptians and Chinese were among the first civilisations to record their observations about plants and health. The Egyptians inscribed herbal knowledge on temple walls, and Chinese herbal traditions date back to around 2700 BC.
A History of Herbal Traditions
In 1550 BC, the Egyptians recorded around 700 herbal formulas on the Ebers papyrus. Centuries later, Hippocrates catalogued 300–400 species of herbs and used them for early diagnosis and prognosis. This long history explains why herbs remain a popular research subject today. But traditional use alone doesn’t prove a herb is safe or effective. It doesn’t confirm a herb treats any medical condition either. Modern research, discussed below, still builds this evidence base.
Note: this article gives general information only. It isn’t medical advice. It doesn’t replace a consultation with a registered health practitioner. Always speak with your doctor or pharmacist before using any herbal product. This applies especially if you’re pregnant, breastfeeding, on medication, preparing for surgery, or managing a health condition.
Oregano
People commonly use oregano in cooking, though it also carries traditional medicinal uses. Its antibacterial properties help fight bacteria and fungi. This herb also appears to inhibit the growth of parasitic microorganisms. Greeks used oregano to treat various ailments, including diarrhoea, ulcers, and respiratory tract disorders. It’s also thought to reduce abdominal pain.
Oregano originated in Greece, and legend credits the goddess Aphrodite with creating it. Its name derives from the Greek words for “mountain” and “joy.” As a result, people prized the herb and used it for healing. Romans later adopted it into their diet and spread it throughout Europe. During the Middle Ages, people widely used oregano for many ailments.
Oregano leaves are aromatic and slightly bitter. Their flavour complements a wide range of foods, including tomatoes and cheese. People also use dried oregano leaves to make herbal infusions. Simply steep the leaves in a cup of hot water and drink it as a tea. This can relieve stomach cramps and improve digestion.
Oregano essential oil contains beta-caryophyllin, a dietary cannabinoid with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Some people use it topically for skin infections, such as nail or foot fungus. Others use it to help ease cold and sinus symptoms. Always dilute oregano essential oil in a carrier oil before applying it to skin.
Oregano can cause skin irritation, so consult your physician before using it. If you’re pregnant or breastfeeding, avoid oregano for at least two weeks before surgery. The essential oil may also increase your risk of bleeding. It can lower blood sugar too.
Several studies have been conducted on oregano’s antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, and it has special applications in food preservation. The antimicrobial properties of oregano have made it a strong candidate for natural food preservatives. Furthermore, oregano has been shown to improve GI health.
Thyme
Thyme is a perennial herb native to the Mediterranean, from the Lamiaceae family. People value it in food, cosmetics and traditional medicine. Its chemical makeup, largely flavonoids, thymol and carvacrol, varies by growing region.
Thyme has a long history of traditional use in Ayurvedic, Siddha and Chinese medicine, particularly in relation to the respiratory system. Its essential oil contains more than 60 identified compounds, and researchers have studied its antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in laboratory settings. Some animal studies have examined whether thyme extracts affect blood pressure, but this research is preliminary and hasn’t been established in human clinical trials.
People also use thyme in cooking, and in bath and massage oils. If you’re considering thyme oil for therapeutic rather than culinary use, discuss this with your doctor first. This matters especially if you take regular medication.
Lavender
People widely use lavender essential oil in aromatherapy, and it carries a long-standing reputation for its calming scent. Many choose it to unwind, and find the aroma soothing after a stressful day.
Research interest in lavender has grown, and some early clinical studies have looked at whether inhaled or oral lavender preparations may support relaxation and sleep quality. However, the research base is still described by reviewers as limited, and larger, longer-term studies are needed before firm conclusions can be drawn about its clinical effectiveness.
Some countries, including Germany, have approved a lavender oil preparation for use as a herbal tea. This approval status varies by country and product. Always check the label, and ask your pharmacist if in doubt.
If you want to try lavender for sleep or stress, check with your doctor first. This matters especially if you also take sedatives, antidepressants, or other medication, since interactions are possible.
A Final Note
Herbs carry fascinating histories, from kitchen staples like oregano and thyme to lavender. Scientists continue to research all of them. But traditional use and preliminary studies don’t equal proven clinical effectiveness. Herbal products also can’t replace professional medical care.
If you’re considering a herbal or plant-based product for a health concern, talk to your doctor or pharmacist first. This matters especially if you’re pregnant, breastfeeding, on other medication, or managing a health condition.
